My general research interests include the the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) and satellite remote sensing. The UTLS is important as its dynamics influence troposphere-stratosphere transport of water vapor. Stratospheric water vapor is an important factor in climate change, since its increase is found to warm global surface temperatures and it plays a role in the removal of ozone by polar stratospheric clouds. Processes in the UTLS that modulate the transport of water vapor into the stratosphere are active subjects of research.